Контрольная по материаловедению, МГТУ им.Баумана. Для силовых элементов самолета (детали шасси и обшивки, стрингеры, шпангоуты, лонжероны и др.) широко исп, Материаловедение

Содержание

Материаловедение, МГТУ им.Баумана

Задание №Д-26

Для силовых элементов самолета (детали шасси и обшивки, стрингеры, шпангоуты, лонжероны и др.) широко используются деформируемые алюминиевые сплавы марок: Д1, Д16, В93, В95 и др.

1. Выберете деформируемый алюминиевый сплав для изготовления силовых де¬талей шасси самолета сечением 50 мм. Назначьте режим термической обработки, обеспечивающий наиболее высокое сопротивление сплава распространению усталостных трещин, предел текучести σ0,2>500 MПa, относительное удлинение δ>9%. Постройте график термообработки в координатах температура-время с ука¬занием: температуры нагрева, времени выдержки, среды охлаждения.

2. Опишите структурные превращения, происходящие в детали на всех этапах термической обработки

3. Приведите основные сведения об этом сплаве: химический состав по ГОСТу, область применения, требования, предъявляемые к этому виду изделий, механиче¬ские и технологические свойства, влияние легирующих элементов и др.

Выдержка из текста работы

On the simplest level science is knowledge of the world of nature. Science defined simply as knowledge of natural processes has been universal among mankind since the dawn of human existence. There were many regularities in nature that people had to recognize for survival. The motion of the Sun and the Moon correlate with important terrestrial events: day and night provide the basic rhythm of human existence; the seasons determine the migration of animals needed as food and influence the agriculture. At that time nature was explained only through human senses, everything that they couldn’t explain rationally was credited to the God. But mere recognition of nature regularities does not exhaust the full meaning of science. It must unite scientific methods with technology to search for answers to fundamental question: what is happening all around us in the living world.

During the Middle Ages any attempt to develop science was cruelly suppressed by the Catholic Church, but nevertheless the scientists continued to work. The names of Galileo and Paracelsus have entered the history of science and their studies have withstood years of testing and serve as a model for explaining and predicting.

The nineteenth century period was a great contribution to all branches of natural science from physics and mathematics to biology and chemistry. But it was not until the beginning of the last century when the real expansion of knowledge both in depth and range began. By 1900 nuclear energy was unknown, many chemical elements have not been identified, and no computers have been developed. Similarly, the significance of environmental changes, such as water pollution and the dumping of hazardous waste on the living world were not well understood.

The XXth century science has supplied us with direct answers to previously unknown questions, has given birth to absolutely new branches of science as nuclear physics, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, computer science. It was the time of Venus landing, fiber optics, DNA code, space stations, microchips and computers and superconductivity. The explosive increase of knowledge in the sciences has led to enormous advances in both fundamental and applied science and the development of technology.

Scientific knowledge is becoming acceptable and useful part of our lives. Science can be fascinating; the more we know science, the better we understand life. Nowadays it is a matter of simple survival for us. The human world of the future will be greatly affected by the science; but it will not only facilitate our life – we must be ready to respond to the ethical and moral issues that step from new technologies.

Science is a means of answering questions. Learning to analyze the nature of question, to interpret data and to assess the reliability of a source will help you evaluate new information. Developing connections between new and previous knowledge assists you to detect errors in logic and the content of the material. With increased knowledge you are more prepared to cope with the problems of grown scientific knowledge, to make intelligent decisions and informed judgements in the future.

Задание 2. Задания по тексту.

I. Переведите письменно на русский язык весь текст.

II. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту.

1. What is the main task of science?

2. What is the difference between fundamental and applied sciences?

3. What will the main scientific branches of the future be?

5. Why is it important to study?

III. Составьте предложения из двух частей.

1. You are more prepared	A. withstood years of testing
2. Their studies have	B. will be greatly affected by the science
3. Day and night provide	C. will help you to evaluate new information
4. Learning to analyze the nature of question	D. to cope with the problems
5. Your life in the future	E. the basic rhythm of human existence

Задание 3. Грамматические задания

I. Вставьте нужную форму глагола
to be или to have.

1. There … а telegram on the table.

2. The book … many diagrams.

3.
There … much snow last winter.

4. There … а lot of stars
and planets in space.

5. Students … four exams last January.

6. Не … born in 1985.

7. We … students next year.

8. They … two lectures tomorrow.

9. Who … absent today?

10. Ann doesn’t … time to go to the cinema.

II. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень от следующих прилагательных и
наречий.

1. large, tall, long, easy, hot, big 2. wonderful, necessary, quickly, interesting

III. Поставьте к следующим предложе-
ниям вопросы (общие/специальные/альтернативные/ разделительные).

1.There is а book on the table.

2. Не must work hard
today.

3. We are leaving for Moscow next week.

4. We
were reading the whole evening.

IV. Раскройте скобки и выберите глагол в требуемом залоге: активном или пассивном.

1. Electronic devices (help; are helped) people discover new phenomena of nature.

2. The transistor (replaced; was replaced) by vacuum tubes thanks to its numerous advantages.

3. Due to transistors all circuit functions (carried out; were carried out) inside semiconductors.

4. Electronic devices (use; are used) in scientific research.

5. Before the invention of the transistor its function (performed; was performed) by vacuum tubes.

6. The reliability of electronic systems (connect; is connected) with the number of discrete components.

7. Semiconductor integrated circuits (helped; were helped) to increase reliability of devices.

8. New types of integrated circuits (have developed; have been developed) lately.

V. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов.

1. Он может читать и писать по-английски.

2. Она должна сделать эту работу сейчас.

3. Теперь студенты могут войти в аудиторию.

4. Она может заниматься здесь.

5. Он должен прочитать эту статью.

6. Можно мне взять ваш учебник?

7. Вы умеете говорить по-немецки?

8. Вы можете вернуть книгу завтра.

Доцент кафедры ин.языков Гараева Римма Салаватовна

Контрольная работа №1 по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский)

для студентов групп

Контрольная работа должна быть сдана в деканат

не позднее «______» __________2016г.

Для выполнения контрольной работы №1 и получения зачета студент должен изучить следующие темы:

1. Устные темы

— “About myself”

— “Our country – the Russian Federation”

— “The Republic I live in…”

— “The Town I live in…”

2. Грамматические темы

— Спряжение глаголов “to be”, “to have”, оборот “there is / are”, степени сравнения прилагательного, наречия.

— Времена английского глагола в активном и пассивном залоге.

— Согласование времен.

— Модальные глаголы.

Контрольная работа №1

Вариант II

Задание 1. Текст по специальности.

I. Прочитайте текст.

What is engineering? Engineers do so many things that this question could have a very long answer. Basically, engineers use science to solve problems creatively. They apply science that is why engineering is often referred to as applied science. The principal work of an engineer is design; he has to design products, machines and production systems. When you make toast in the morning, phone your friend or fly in a plane, you experience the work of an engineer. Moon landings, cellular phones and satellites orbiting through space are possible because of engineers. Engineers are involved with the design, construction and operation of everything from razor blades and microchips to skyscrapers and bridges.

The result of rapid expansion of scientific knowledge was an increase in number of engineering specialties. By the middle of the last century they included civil, military, mechanical, mining and metallurgical engineering; then agricultural, chemical and electrical were added. This growth continued and nowadays we have aerospace, nuclear, computer, electronic, medical and industrial engineering as well. Today the specialists in engineering are so diversified that it is impossible to classify them satisfactory. There are almost 200 different types of engineering nowadays!

Technological and industrial process depends on a scientist, an engineer and a technologist; each makes major contribution to progress and plays an important role in the modern world. An engineer depends upon the scientist for new knowledge and upon the technologist for specialized assistance in translating plans into operating reality. He must have a basic knowledge of the sciences and understanding of the abstract techniques of the research engineer and he should know much of the technology employed by technologists. Perhaps the most important function of an engineer is to integrate the abstract-theoretical world and the technical-practical world. Every engineer is a member of a team often headed by a system engineer who must be able to combine the advantages of different branches.

Engineering is often defined as making practical application of theoretical sciences such as physics and mathematics. But it is impossible to cover all the subjects which an engineer may find useful in a lifetime. The education and training of an engineer must be a partnership between industry and higher education, between theory and practice. Another result of the increase in scientific knowledge is that engineering has become a profession that requires specialized advanced education. Today it must include at least 4 or 5 years of university studying leading to a Bachelor of Science degree: although technology is advancing rapidly, the underlying scientific theories and principles it is based on are constant. More often engineers, especially those engaged in research, get an advanced Master’s or Doctor’s degree. Engineers require specialized knowledge and intensive preparation with continued study after graduating from the university. Engineering education must become a lifetime study: to compete successfully every engineer must keep up with changes in his profession.

The profession has a strong organizational structure, requires high standards, and operates in the public service. Professional engineers must follow a code of professional conduct and ethics and a series of legal requirements. They have to be technically competent and operate with responsibility in conformity with accepted notions of professionalism. For an engineer the result of his labour – be it a bridge, air-conditioning unit, automobile or computer – is interposed between himself and the user. However, since people’s lives are often at stake if an error is made, a high level of competence is essential.

Задание 2. Задания по тексту.

I. Переведите письменно на русский язык весь текст.

II. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту.

1. What do you know about the profession of engineer?

2. Why have you chosen this profession?

3. How many engineering specialties do you know?

4. What education does engineering require?

5. Why do engineers need a high level of competence?

III. Составьте предложения из двух частей.

1. The most important function of an engineer is A. a code of professional conduct and ethics and a series of legal requirements.

2. Professional engineers must follow B. was an increase in number of engineering specialties.

3. Engineers use science C. to solve problems creatively.

4. The result of rapid expansion of scientific knowledge D. to integrate the abstract-theoretical world and the technical-practical world.

5. Engineering is often defined E. as making practical application of theoretical sciences.

Задание 3. Грамматические задания

I. Вставьте нужную форму глагола
to be или to have.

1. There … а telegram on the table.

2. The book … many diagrams.

3.
There … much snow last winter.

4. There … а lot of stars
and planets in space.

5. Students … four exams last January.

6. Не … born in 1985.

7. We … students next year.

8. They … two lectures tomorrow.

9. Who … absent today?

10. Ann doesn’t … time to go to the cinema.

II. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень от следующих прилагательных и
наречий.

1. big, cold, nice, bad,
strong, good 2. popular, famous, pleasant, beautiful

III. Поставьте к следующим предложе-
ниям вопросы (общие/специальные/альтернативные/ разделительные).

1.They don’t go to work on Sunday.

2. Не must work hard
today.

3. Ann has already
begun to read а new book.

4. We learned German at
school.

IV. Раскройте скобки и выберите глагол в требуемом залоге: активном или пассивном.

1. Electronic devices (help; are helped) people discover new phenomena of nature.

2. The transistor (replaced; was replaced) by vacuum tubes thanks to its numerous advantages.

3. Due to transistors all circuit functions (carried out; were carried out) inside semiconductors.

4. Electronic devices (use; are used) in scientific research.

5. Before the invention of the transistor its function (performed; was performed) by vacuum tubes.

6. The reliability of electronic systems (connect; is connected) with the number of discrete components.

7. Semiconductor integrated circuits (helped; were helped) to increase reliability of devices.

8. New types of integrated circuits (have developed; have been developed) lately.

V. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов.

1. Он может читать и писать по-английски.

2. Она должна сделать эту работу сейчас.

3. Теперь студенты могут войти в аудиторию.

4. Она может заниматься здесь.

5. Он должен прочитать эту статью.

6. Можно мне взять ваш учебник?

7. Вы умеете говорить по-немецки?

8. Вы можете вернуть книгу завтра.

Рекомендуемая литература:

1. Агабекян И.П. и др. Английский для инженеров. Серия «Учебники и учебные пособия». – Ростов н/Д: «Феникс», 2002. – 320 с.

2. Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. – 7-е изд., испр. и доп. – СПб.: КАРО, 2011. – 576 с.

3. Загидуллина И.М. Английский язык. Учебно-методическое пособие. Казань, 2005