Содержание
1. Later we were on a road that led to a river. There was a long line of abandoned trucks on the road leading up to the bridge. The river was high and the bridge had been blown up1 in the centre. We went on up the bank looking for a place to cross. Up ahead I knew there was a railway bridge and I thought we might be able to get across there. The path was wet and muddy. We did not see any troops, only abandoned trucks. We went up to the bank and finally we saw the railway bridge.
Позже мы оказались на дороге, ведущей к реке. На дороге, ведущей вверх на мост, была длинная череда всякой разбросанной всячины. Река была глубокой, а мост был взорван в центре. Мы направились к берегу в поисках места для пересечения. Я знал, что впереди вверху был железнодорожный мост и думал, что мы могли бы перебраться туда. Дорожка была мокрая и грязная. Мы не видели никаких отрядов, а только оставленные грузовики. Мы подошли к берегу и наконец увидели железнодорожный мост.
Выдержка из текста работы
Оно содержит контрольные задания и методические указания к выполнению этих заданий. Материал, включённый в пособие, подобран на основе мотивационного подхода к изучению английского языка в неязыковых вузах и имеет профессионально ориентированный характер.
Мусат Н.П.
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Настоящие Методические указания и контрольные задания предназначены для студентов заочного отделения специальности фармация. Они составлены в соответствии с Программой по английскому языку для неязыковых специальностей высших учебных заведений.
Цели и задачи обучения
Целью обучения английскому языку в МИ ОГУ является подготовка студентов к общению на этом языке в устной и письменной формах, что предполагает наличие у них определённых знаний, умений и навыков, которые после окончания курса дадут им возможность:
— читать оригинальную литературу по специальности для получения необходимой информации;
— принимать участие в устном общении на английском языке в объёме материала, предусмотренного Программой;
— приобрести навыки самостоятельной работы с иностранной литературой.
В процессе изучения английского языка реализуются также общеобразовательные и воспитательные задачи обучения.
Структура курса
Курс обучения английскому языку студентов заочного отделения в МИ ОГУ делится на два этапа: начальный и основной.
Начальный этап длится один семестр. Целью начального этапа является повторение и закрепление языкового материала школьного минимума в области фонетики, лексики и грамматики, разговорной и переводческой практики.
Основной курс начинается со второго семестра и длится три семестра. Целью основного курса является овладение студентами умениями и навыками, которые предусматриваются Программой.
Обучение носит профессионально-ориентированный характер.
Зачёт по английскому языку проводится согласно учебному плану МИ ОГУ.
Зачет и подготовка к нему
Устный зачет проводится в конце первого курса обучения. К устному зачёту по английскому языку допускаются студенты, выполнившие все задания, рекомендуемые для самостоятельной работы перед каждым контрольным заданием, получившие зачёт по контрольным заданиям, и сдавшие нормы чтения и перевода рекомендуемой иностранной литературы. На зачёте студенты должны представить три тетради с выполненным домашним заданием; тетрадь с конспектом по грамматике, тетрадь-словарь, тетрадь с выполненными упражнениями
Выполнение и оформление контрольных заданий
1. На каждом курсе студент-заочник должен выполнить по одному контрольному заданию по английскому языку: вариант 1 каждого контрольного задания выполняют студенты, у которых шифр заканчивается на 1, 3, 5; вариант 2 каждого контрольного задания выполняют студенты, у которых шифр заканчивается на 2, 4, 6, 8; вариант 3 каждого контрольного задания выполняют студенты, у которых шифр заканчивается на 7, 9, 0.
2. Письменные контрольные задания выполняются в отдельной тетради, на обложке которой указываются фамилия, инициалы, адрес студента, шифр и номер контрольного задания.
3. Работы должны быть написаны синими или чёрными чернилами, аккуратно, чётким почерком. При выполнении работы необходимо оставлять в тетради широкие поля слева для замечаний преподавателя-рецензента.
4. Выполнять контрольные задания рекомендуется в той последовательности, в какой они даны в настоящем пособии.
5. Выполненные контрольные задания следует присылать в институт для проверки и рецензирования в установленные деканатом сроки.
6. Если работа выполнена не в соответствии с указанными рекомендациями и сроками, она возвращается студенту без проверки.
7. После получения проверенного контрольного задания следует внимательно прочитать рецензию преподавателя, выполнить все указания и учесть замечания преподавателя-рецензента (если таковые имеются), сделать работу над ошибками в конце контрольного задания.
8. Отрецензированные контрольные задания являются учебными документами, которые необходимо сохранять до сдачи зачёта.
Работа над ошибками.
При получении проверенной рецензентом контрольной работы внимательно прочитайте рецензию, ознакомьтесь с замечаниями и проанализируйте отмеченные в работе ошибки.
Руководствуясь указаниями рецензента, повторите еще раз материал, на который были допущены ошибки. Все предложения, в которых были обнаружены ошибки или неточности, перепишите начисто в исправленном виде в конце данной контрольной работы.
Только после выполнения всех указаний рецензента можно приступать к изучению материала очередного контрольного задания и его выполнению (если таковые имеются).
Отрецензированные и исправленные контрольные работы сохраняются до сдачи зачета.
Консультации.
О всех затруднениях, возникающих при самостоятельном изучении английского языка, студент может сообщать своему рецензенту в процессе проведения преподавателем аудиторных занятий и консультаций.
При этом необходимо точно указывать:
— какой раздел грамматики не понятен;
— какие правила, пояснения, формулировки не ясны;
— какие упражнения и что в них представляется затруднительным;
— какие предложения вызывают затруднения при переводе.
Программа предусматривает различные виды консультаций: как устные, так и письменные.
Зачет и подготовка к нему.
Устный зачет проводится в конце первого курса обучения. К устному зачету по английскому языку допускаются студенты, выполнившие все задания, рекомендуемые для самостоятельной работы перед контрольной работой и получившие зачет по контрольной работе. На зачеты студенты должны предоставить три тетради с выполненным домашним заданием: тетрадь с конспектом по грамматике, тетрадь — словарь, тетрадь с выполненными упражнениями.
Методика работы над учебным материалом
1. Для того, чтобы изучение английского языка было успешным, необходимо заниматься регулярно, систематически, по 30 – 40 минут ежедневно.
2. Для развития навыков правильного чтения необходимо усвоить правила произношения, правила ударения в слове и предложении. Регулярно читать вслух фонетические упражнения, тексты для разговорной и переводческой практики.
3. Работая со словарем, необходимо:
1) выучить английский алфавит и обозначения частей речи, принятые в словарях;
2) Искать слово в словаре не по одной, а по трём первым буквам, что сократит время его нахождения;
3) прежде чем выписать слово и искать его значение в словаре, нужно определить: а) какой частью речи оно является; б) к какому жанру литературы (художественному, научному и т.д.) относится текст, в котором оно встретилось;
4) записывать слово в словарь следует в его исходной форме (глагол – в форме инфинитива, существительное – в именительном падеже, прилагательное и наречие – в положительной степени);
5) записывая слово в словарь, нужно написать рядом в квадратных скобках его фонетическую транскрипцию, а затем – значение;
6) значение устойчивого словосочетания следует искать в словаре по входящим в его состав знаменательным словам, и, выписав в словарь, заучивать.
4. Работу над грамматическим материалом следует проводить согласно рекомендациям, данным в пособиях по грамматике.
5. Работу над текстом рекомендуется проводить в порядке, который предложен в указанном пособии.
КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 1.
Вариант 1.
Материал для самостоятельной работы
1. Фонетика.
Выучите: а) английский алфавит; б) правила произношения английских гласных в открытом и закрытом слогах; в) правила ударения в слове и предложении; г) типы интонаций.
Грамматика.
Проработайте следующие разделы английской грамматики, выполните (письменно) рекомендуемые после каждой темы упражнения:
1. Артикль.
2. Имя существительное
3. Имя прилагательное
4. Числительное
5. Местоимение
6. Наречие
7. Глагол
Неопределенные времена действительного залога
Длительные времена действительного залога
Перфектные времена действительного залога
8. Модальные глаголы
9. Согласование времен
Текстовый материал
1. Прочитайте и переведите тексты, данные в пособии, на русский язык.
2. Выпишите слова и словосочетания, указанные перед каждой темой, в словарь с транскрипцией и переводом; выучите эти слова.
3. Ответьте на вопросы, предлагаемые после каждой темы.
4. Составьте собственные сообщения по темам:
После изучения указанного выше материала приступайте к выполнению контрольной работы № 1.
ВАРИАНТ 1.
Выполните задания по разделам “ Reading” (Чтение), “ Vocabulary” (Лексика),
“Grammar” (Грамматика ).
READING
Task I. Read the text.
For many centuries it was thought that diseases were caused by evil spirits. Modern medical science has made great advances in the scientific investigation of the causes of diseases, and these causes are now grouped into a few general categories. The following is one of them.
Congenital causes of disorders. These act within the womb and result in disorders which are usually obvious at birth such as mongolism, abnormalities of the nervous system and deformities of the heart. These disorders are caused either by a fault in the chromosomal structure of the fertilized egg or by damage caused to the developing embryo in the womb. A developing embryo can be affected by a disease of the mother. For example, during the early months of pregnancy, German measles can lead to abnormalities of the heart and ears. The smoking of more than ten cigarettes a day by a pregnant woman may retard the normal growth of the foetus in the womb. Deformities may also be due to drugs taken during pregnancy.
Answer the questions.
1. What do congenital causes of disorders result in?
2. What are congenital disorders caused by?
3. When can German measles lead to abnormalities of the heart?
4. What may retard the normal growth of the foetus in the womb?
Task 2. Read and translate the text into Russian.
Lecture on Bacteria
Bacteria is the common name for a very large group of one-celled microscopic organisms that may be the smallest, simplest, and perhaps even the very first forms of cellular life that evolved on Earth. Because they are so small, bacteria must be measured in microns, with one micron measuring about 0.00004 inches long. Most bacteria range from about 0.1 micron to about 4 microns wide and about 0.2 microns to almost 50 microns long. We can observe them only under the microscope. Bacteria are very primitive and simple. They are unicellular, which means that they are made up of a single cell. They probably evolved about three and a half billion years ago. Some of the oldest fossils are bacterial organisms. They’ve been found almost everywhere on Earth, including all the continents, seas, and fresh water habitats, and in the tissues of both plants and animals.
They grow in colonies and can reproduce quite rapidly, in fact, by a process called fission. In fission, the cell increases in size and then splits in two parts. Fission is also referred to as asexual budding. There is also a process that is called conjugation, and that’s when two separate bacteria exchange pieces of DNA. So, there are two ways that reproduction can occur, but fission is though to be more common.
Bacteria were virtually unknown until about 1600 when microscopes were introduced, and at that time, bacteria were observed and classified into three main types according to their shapes, and that classification hasn’t changed that much over the years.
The first type is bacilli. The bacilli are a group of bacteria that occur in the soil and air. They’re shaped like rods, and if you were to see them in motion, they’d be rolling or tumbling under the microscope. These bacteria are largely responsible for food spoilage.
The next type of bacteria is referred to as cocci group, and it tends to grow in clusters or chains. This specimen is one of the common streptococci bacteria that cause strep throat.
Spirilla look like little corkscrews, and they are responsible for a number of diseases in humans. But, although it is true that some species of bacteria do cause diseases, for the most part, bacteria are benign.
There’s a lot of bacteria in the air, they live harmless on the skin, in the mouth, and in the intestines. In fact, bacteria are very helpful to researchers because bacteria cells resemble the cells of other life forms in many ways, and may be studies to give us insights. Since bacteria reproduce very rapidly genetic engineers use them to determine how certain characteristics are inherited.
But within these basic groups there are virtually hundreds of variations that make them somewhat more difficult to identify and classify. Sometimes more than one type of bacteria may be found together in a specimen. In addition to identifying bacteria by their shape it’s better to study the biochemistry of genetic structure of the specimen. They have one chromosome of double-stranded DNA in a ring, when can be analyzed fairly easily.
Choose the best answers for the following
1. Bacteria reproduce by
a) fission or budding; b) splitting or budding; c) cloning themselves; d) seeding or fission
2. Cocci bacteria cause
a) typhoid; b) AIDS; c) strep throat; c) fevers
3. Bacilli are responsible for
a) diseases in humans; b) food spoilage; c) strep throat; d) human evolution
4. Spirilla look like
a) rods; b) corkscrews; c) dots; d) sticks
5. Which two characteristics are common in bacteria?
a) they have one cell; b) they are harmful to humans;
c) they reproduce quickly; d) They die when exposed to air
VOCABULARY
Создайте логические пары, выбирая из a, b, c или d:
1. month – year
day — ____a) minute; b) hour; c) season; d) week
2. dark – light
small — ____ a) big; b) bright; c) thin; d) little
3. night – day
evening — ____ a) morning; b) time; c) dark; d) afternoon
4. bring – take
arrive — ____ a) catch; b) carry; c) leave; d) come
5. good – bad
cheap — _____ a) free; b) expensive; c) nice; d) high
6. first – last
best — _____ a) next; b) worst; c) most; d) least
7. office – work
school — _____ a) learn; b) write; c) play; d) test
8. write – letter
tell — _____ a) book; b) report; c) story; d) word
9. book – read
radio — _____ a) sound; b) listen to; c) put out; d) catch
10. bank – money
shop — _____ a) price; b) basket; c) food; d) supermarket
GRAMMAR
I. Заполните пропуски соответствующими формами глагола “ to be” и “ to have”.
1. Last year their son ____ 26, so he ____ 27 now.
2. Today the weather ____ nice, but yesterday it ____ cold.
3. I ____ cold. Can I have something hot to drink?
4. I ____ hungry last night, so I ____ something to eat.
5. I called you yesterday but you ____ at home. Where ____ you?
6. He ____ a good job in a bank.
7. My sister and her husband ____ three children.
8. “What’s wrong?” – “I ____ something in my eye”.
9. Where… you… in two days?
10. When… you at home yesterday?
II. Выберите правильную форму глагола.
1. All of her belongings (was/were) in a suitcase.
2. Athletics (is/are) very popular nowadays.
3. Aerobics (do/does) people a lot of good.
4. Chocolate (makes/make) you put on weight.
5. Most people (enjoy/enjoys) Easter.
6. The money she makes (is/are) enough for her.
7. The police (is/are) looking for the murderer.
8. His good looks (get/gets) him what he ants.
9. The government (is/are) passing new laws.
10. No news (is/are) good news.
III. Заполните пропуски соответствующими личными местоимениями.
- She is very handsome. I envy ____.
- They are not reliable. He doubts ____.
- We asked for his advice. ____ advised ____ not to come.
- This book belongs to me. This is ____ book.
- The man put ____ hand into ____ pocket.
- They were whispering among ____.
- His grandmother lives by ____.
- After ____ they decided not to come.
- What are you doing ____ summer?
- Which shoes do you like most? ____ or those?
IV. Вставьте some, any или no, где необходимо.
1. She went to the shop, but she didn’t buy… eggs.
2. He has read… 20 pages.
3. Did they send you… letters from England?
4. Why have… students gone home?
5. Have you found… mushrooms in the wood?
6. Are there… fruit-trees in your garden?
7. Did they ask you… questions? – Yes, they asked… .
8. Does he make… mistakes in his dictations?
9. My friend has bought… new shoes.
10.… people there are very unfriendly.
V. Выберите правильный ответ из a), b), c) или d) для каждого пропуска в нижерасположенном диалоге.
— Who (1) _______ Michelle talking to?
— I can’t see Michelle.
— You (2) ____ looking in the right place. She’s over there.
— Oh, that’s Adrian. He’s new here.
— Really? Where (3) ____ he live? (4) ____you know?
— No, I (5) ____know anything about him.
— What (6) _____ they talking about, I wonder?
— Well, he (7) _____look very interested. He’s got a very bored expression on his face. And he (8) _____ saying anything.
1. a) are b) do c) does d) is
2. a) aren’t b) doesn’t c) don’t d) isn’t
3. a) are b) do c) does d) is
4. a) Are b) Do c) Does d) Is
5. a) aren’t b) doesn’t c) don’t d) ‘m not
6. a) are b) do c) does d) is
7. a) aren’t b) doesn’t c) don’t d) isn’t
8. a) aren’t b) doesn’t c) don’t d) isn’t
VI. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильные времена.
1. “What you (do)” “I (read).
2. If he (ring) me up tomorrow I (tell) him about it.
3. He (help) his mother every day?
4. At this time tomorrow we (discuss) your report.
5. What you (do) when I came in?
6. When you (see) him last?
7. Don’t ring me up at 11 o’clock, I (sleep).
8. On entering the drawing-room he (find) that his two friends (get) up and (wait) for him.
9. We (be) very busy now. We (discuss) a very important question.
10. Where (be) Peter? He (have) his English lesson now? – No, he (have) his English tomorrow.
11. You (know) him? He always (tell) a lie.
12. When I (come) yesterday I (see) that my friend (do) his lesson.
13. This problem (be) too difficult to discuss it now. I (think) we (discuss) it tomorrow, when we (have) more time.
14. Where she (be) yesterday? – She (visit) her friend. They (play) chess the whole evening.
15. He (not to eat) when I (come) yesterday. He (read) a book.
16. My father (watch) an analytical programme on TV, while I (prepare) for the examination.
17. What you (do) now? – I (wash) the dishes.
18. If we (put) in cameras, they (stop) people stealing things.
19. Yesterday morning I (get) up and (look) out of the window. The sun (shine), the birds (sing).
20. We (not to solve) the problem yet.
21. She (to read) the book by last Monday.
22. Pete and Ann (to paint) the house by next Friday.
23. I (to work) in the library from 3 till 6 yesterday.
24. He said he (to read) this book.
25. When you first (meet) your teacher?
VII. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на модальные глаголы.
1. Mike can play the piano very well. 2. We needn’t hurry. We’ve got plenty of time. 3. It’s raining. You should take an umbrella. 4. Yesterday I stayed at home because I had to help my father. 5. The train is to come in some minutes. 6. Children should obey their parents. 7. We ought to help her.
VIII. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным членам предложения.
1) They often speakabout music.
2) She is still sleeping .
3) Rastrelli built the Winter Palace.
4) She was singing when I came.
5) My sister will graduate from the Institute next year .
Вариант № 2.
Выполните задания по разделам “ Reading” (Чтение), “ Vocabulary” (Лексика),
“Grammar” (Грамматика ).
READING
Task I. Read the text.
For many centuries it was thought that diseases were caused by evil spirits. Modern medical science has made great advances in the scientific investigation of the causes of diseases, and these causes are now grouped into a few general categories. The following is one of them.
Infection. An enormous number of living things enter the body’s tissues, grow there and cause disease. Infectious agents act in different ways. Viruses act inside the cells. The polo virus, for example, causes paralysis by growing in and destroying a particular type of nerve cell in the spinal cord. Bacteria, on the other hand, act mainly extracellular. Malaria, which is still one of the world’s greatest killers, destroys the blood’s red cells. It is caused by a tiny parasite which is carried by mosquitoes. Its symptoms are a high fever, headache and violent shivering. It can result in chronic ill health or death.
Answer the questions.
- Where do viruses and bacteria act?
- Hoe does the polio virus cause paralysis?
- What kind of infectious agents are bacteria?
- What are the symptoms of malaria?
- What does malaria result in?
Task 2. Read the text.
Blood
Blood is the red fluid that circulates through the body by way of the blood vessels. It is a very complex substance, and more is constantly being learned about it. It is the flowing part of the circulatory system, which may be called the transportation system of the body.
The adult human body contains between 5 and 6 quarts of blood, weighing about 7 to 8 pounds and accounting for about 5 % of the body weight. If about one-third of the blood is lost, death usually occurs (unless the blood is replaced). A pint of blood, however, can be really spared at proper intervals. Blood in the arteries is bright red in colour; blood in the veins is much darker, sometimes a brownish red.
Blood consists of many elements, liquid and solid. These include red and white blood cells, blood platelets, and blood plasma. The plasma is the liquid part of the blood, something over 90 % water. In it are dissolved essential elements that have to be carried from one place to another. These include, for example, organic constituents; such as blood sugar (glucose) and urea; inorganic elements, such as sodium and calcium; gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide; and secretions from the endocrine glands (hormones), antibodies, enzymes, and plasma proteins.
The plasma proteins make up about 7 to 8 % of the plasma. By electrical methods developed during and after World War II, these proteins can be broken down into various fractions. Best known is the fraction called gamma globulin, which contains antibodies against several diseases, notably measles and polio.
Among the many specific functions of the blood are the following: (1) It transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the body cells; (2) It carries from the digestive system the nutrients that cells need and gets rid of their waste products via the kidneys and other organs of excretion; (3) It conveys hormones; (4) It helps regulate body temperature; (5) It provides substances that fight off infection.
Choose the best answer for the following:
1.Blood is
a) the circulatory system; b) the transportation system; c) the digestive system; d) hormones.
2. Blood makes up
a) 6%; b) 5%; c) 7%; d) 8 % of the body weight.
3. Blood in veins is
a) bright red; b) dark red; c) brownish; d) blue.
4. Gamma globulin is
a) proteins of plasma; b) the fraction of blood; c) the plasma of blood; d) antibodies.
5. Death occurs if
a) two-third; b) one-third; c) 5 %; d) a pint of blood is lost.
VOCABULARY
Создайте логические пары, выбирая из a, b, c или d:
4. sell – buy
give — _____ a) take; b) bring; c) carry; d) fetch
5.cinema – film
theatre — _____ a) part; b) play; c) piece; d) act
3. sea – ship
river — _____ a) water; b) tree; c) boat; d) bridge
4. hard – soft
difficult — _____ a) nice; b) kind; c) light; d) easy
5. work – job
travel — ______ a) agent; b) railway; c) agent; d) journey
6. first – last
best — _____ a) next; b) worst; c) most; d) least
7. office – work
school — _____ a) learn; b) write; c) play; d) test
8. write – letter
tell — _____ a) book; b) report; c) story; d) word
9. book – read
radio — _____ a) sound; b) listen to; c) put out; d) catch
10. bank – money
shop — _____ a) price; b) basket; c) food; d) supermarket
GRAMMAR
I. Заполните пропуски соответствующими формами глагола “ to be” и “ to have”.
- My brother _______ ten years old.
- There ____ any flowers in the garden.
- Tom never sees new films because there ____ a cinema in his town.
- Don’t buy those shoes. They ____ too expensive
- Helen got married when she _____ 21 years old.
- I’m not going to work today. I ____ a bad cold.
- My son ____ at work because he ____ ill. He ____ better now.
8. The shops ____ open yesterday because it ____ a public holiday.
- Julia wants to go on holiday but she ______ any money.
- I… at home tomorrow.
II. Выберите правильную форму глагола.
- Measles, which (is/are) a children’s disease, (is/are) dangerous for adults.
- The audience (was/were) given free tickets.
- The economics (is/are) very interesting.
- His death (was/were) a great shock.
- Fish (is/are) easy to look after as pets.
- Radio news (give/gives) us less information than television news.
- The stairs to the ground floor (was/were) over there.
- The information (was/were) very helpful.
- His glass (is/are) on the table.
- There (is/are) a toast on the dish.
III. Заполните пропуски соответствующими личными местоимениями.
1. They are our friends. We invited ___ to the party.
2. Look at that bird. ____ comes to my window.
3. He wants the key. Please give ___ to ___.
4. “Where are my glasses?” – “____ are on the table.
5. This is their car. That other car is ____ too.”
6. I saw Liz and Philip with ____ son, Bill.
7. We live with ____ parents.
8. Did you see the manager ____?
9. The machine works by ____.
10. Do you see ____ boy over there? He’s my cousin.
IV. Вставьте some, any или no, где необходимо.
1. Do you like… oranges?
2. Where can I get… cigarettes?
3. They waited… ten minutes.
4. You may come at… time.
5.… people like to spend weekend in the country.
6. I’m thirsty. Give me… tea, please.
7. Have you got… time to go to the cinema?
8. Are there… pupils in the class-room- Yes, there are….
9. Don’t forget to buy… sugar/
10. Where did you leave… of your books?
IV. Выберите правильный ответ из a), b), c) или d) для каждого пропуска в нижерасположенном диалоге.
— (1) ____ you know Sue Hennel?
— I (2) ____ think so. Where (3) ____ she live?
— I (4) ____ sure. I think she (5) _____ staying with her aunt and uncle for a few weeks.
— (6) ____ you mean the tall girl with red hair who (7) _____ always arriving late for school?
Why (8) ____ you so interested in her?
1. a) Are b) Do c) Does d) Is
2. a) aren’t b) doesn’t c) don’t d) isn’t
3. a) are b) do c) does d) is
4. a) ‘m not b) don’t c) doesn’t d) aren’t
5. a) are b) do c) does d) is
6. a) Are b) Do c) Does d) Is
7. a) are b) do c) does d) is
8. a) are b) do c) does d) is
VI. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильные времена.
1. Where (be) Susan? – She (work) in the library at the moment. She (stop) working in an hour.
2. What children (do) when you (come) home yesterday? — They (play) in their room.
3. At two o’clock tomorrow we (take) our French lesson.
4. He (spend) last week in a hospital. He (be) ill.
5. Why you (not to put) your coat on yesterday? It (be) cold.
6. My husband (be) in his room now. He (sit) in the armchair and (read) an interesting book. I (want) read this book, too.
7. When I (look) out of the window, I (see) that it (snow) and everything (be) covered with snow.
8. As a rule he (translate) two articles a week. But he (translate) three articles last week.
9. Why he (not to go) to the University yesterday? – He (be) ill. He (stay) in bed the whole day.
10. Somebody (talk) in the text room? – No, nobody (talk). My son (watch) television now.
11. Yesterday, when he (open) the door, he (understand) that he (do) it with a wrong key.
12. Yesterday (be) a typical summer day, the sun (to beat) down, the sky (be) cloudless.
13. Why they (sit) here now? – They (wait) for their doctor. The doctor (be) late.
14. We (wait) for them at two o’clock tomorrow. We (be) sure they (come) in time.
15. If she (not to come) tomorrow, ring her up.
16. What you (do) at three o’clock yesterday? – I (have) dinner.
17. When I (enter) the office, the secretary (type) some letters.
18. Nowadays cars (get) more and more expensive.
19. He (take) an exam on Friday. I think he (pass) it successfully.
20. Yesterday the students (watch) an educational film from 9.00 till 9.30. They (like) it.
21. We never (see) him. We don’t even know what he looks like.
22. It is the most beautiful place I ever (visit).
23. We were late. The lecture (start) half an hour before.
24. We (finish) all the work by 5 o’clock tomorrow.
25. When he rang the office this morning, Ann already (leave).
VII. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на модальные глаголы.
1. She had to change her shoes after walking in the garden. 2. You may go home. 3. Students must attend lectures. 4. They should visit their friend. 5. He is to come in two hours. 6. We ought to help her. 7. She can play chess.
VIII. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным членам предложения.
1. Yesterday she went to the dentist.
2. Thepopulation of the world is rising very fast.
3. I study English at Glasgow University
4. John is seriously ill with measles.
5. Cathy can’t come to the phone because she is having a bath.
Вариант 3.
Выполните задания по разделам “ Reading” (Чтение), “ Vocabulary” (Лексика),
“Grammar” (Грамматика ).
READING
Task I. Read the text.
Mongol is a common name to describe a child born with certain serious mental and physical defects, most notable of which (and from which the condition gets its name) is an upward, oblique slant of the eyes, like an Oriental’s. The unfortunate Mongoloid child usually has a flat face, stubby nose, a protruding tongue, small or deformed ears, limp muscles, short thumbs, and an abnormal heart. Such children develop slowly and their intelligence is never high. However, they may be quite lively and imitative. Most of them die young. Placement in a special home or institution is recommended by many physicians.
The reasons for this particular congenital deformity of mind and body are now known; namely, a particular chromosome that has gone awry. But certainly no blame can attach to mother or father. Chances of a subsequent child being Mongoloid are extremely small, almost negative.
This condition is also commonly known as Down’s Syndrome.
Answer the questions.
1. What are mental and physical defects of a Mongoloid child?
2. What do these children look like?
3. What kind of life do they have?
4. What are the reasons for this congenital deformity?
Task 2. Read the text.
Doctor who identifies SARS becomes its victim.
ARS is like flu. It is also a virus but it is much more dangerous than flu. It has now killed hundreds of people in different parts of the world. The doctor who was the first to identify SARS, Dr Carlo Urbani, died from SARS. Dr Urbani worked for the World Health Organization in Vietnam. An American businessman was taken to hospital in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, with a strange illness. Dr Urbani was the first person in the world to notice that this was a new disease. He called it SARS, which means “severe acute respiratory syndrome”.
The SARS virus can move very quickly. People who suffer from SARS have a high temperature, a cough and difficulty in breathing. Dr Urbani’s colleague Pascale Brudon said: “Carlo was the first person to see that this was something strange. When people became very worried in the hospital, he was there every day, collecting samples, talking to the staff and trying to control the infection.”
In a statement, the World Health Organization praised Dr Urbani, an expert in infectious diseases. “Because of Dr Urbani’s work with SARS, we were able to identify and isolate many cases before they infected hospital workers,” they said in the statement.
The virus spread very quickly across East Asia. Most of the cases were in China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Vietnam.
Hong Kong closed schools for a million students for 10 days, but some doctors said they should be closed for a month. Normal daily life changed completely for the people of Hong Kong. They did not go to restaurants or theatres and they did not take taxis. They wore special masks and even chemical protection suits when they went out.
The Chinese government published daily reports on the spread of the disease, but some experts in Hong Kong said the Chinese government had not provided enough information about SARS and how quickly the disease could spread.
When the virus reached Hong Kong, it infected a lot of hospital workers. A doctor from Guandong province in China first brought SARS to Hong Kong in February 2003.
Choose the best answers for the following:
1. Where did Dr Urbani work for the World Health Organization?
a) in the USA; b) in Vietnam; c) in China
2. What is ARS?
a) flu; b) respiratory disease; c) acute respiratory syndrome
3. What are the symptoms of SARS?
a) a high temperature and headache; b) difficulty in breathing; c) a sore throat
4 Where did SARS come in February 2003?
a) to Vietnam; b) to China; c) to Hong Kong
VOCABULARY
Создайте логические пары, выбирая из a, b, c или d:
1. question – ask
answer — _____ a) make; b) reply; c) tell; d) give
2. far – distant
near — _____ a) by; b) here; c) close; d) behind
3. go – come
leave — _____ a) meet; b) arrive; c) stand; d) wait
4. sun – shine
wind – a) push; b) shout; c) run; d) blow
5. alive – dead
present — _____ a) away; b) outside; c) absent; d) alive
6. first – last
best — _____ a) next; b) worst; c) most; d) least
7. office – work
school — _____ a) learn; b) write; c) play; d) test
8. write – letter
tell — _____ a) book; b) report; c) story; d) word
9. book – read
radio — _____ a) sound; b) listen to; c) put out; d) catch
10. bank – money
shop — _____ a) price; b) basket; c) food; d) supermarket
GRAMMAR
I. Заполните пропуски соответствующими формами глагола “ to be” и “ to have”.
1. I ____ a student of the Medical School.
2. The students usually ____ exams in January and in June.
3. These magazines ____ very interesting. They ____ on the table.
4. Our family ____ an average Russian family.
5. We ____ different, but we love each other.
6. When you ___ trouble with your teeth you go to a dentist.
7. The colleges in the University of London ____ essentially teaching institutions.
8. The colleges of Oxford and Cambridge ___ essentially residential institutions.
9. These students ____ on holidays, they ____ vacations between the terms.
10.Sometime there ____ sports meetings between universities.
II. Выберите правильную форму глагола.
- The trousers he bought for her (doesn’t/don’t) fit her.
- The police (want/wants) to interview men about the robbery.
- Physics (was/were) my best subject at school.
- Can I borrow your scissors? Mine (isn’t/aren’t) sharp enough.
- The news (wasn’t/weren’t) as bad as we expected.
- Four days (isn’t/aren’t) long enough for a good holiday.
- Do you think the people (are/is) happy with the government?
- The staff at school (is/are) not happy with their new working conditions.
- I need more money. Six pounds (is/are) now enough.
- My hair (is/are) dark brown.
III. Заполните пропуски соответствующими личными местоимениями.
1. Mr. and Mrs. Brown live in Paris but ____ son lives in London.
2. Excuse me, is ____ your bag?
3. ____’s why they accepted his proposal.
4. He’s been waiting ____ three weeks.
5. The girl decorated the room ____.
6. The winners looked very proud of ____.
7. He was asked to behave ____ at school.
8. Put on____ hat when you go out.
9. He didn’t have an umbrella, so she gave him ____.
10. Mr. He never drinks milk. He doesn’t like ___.
IV. Вставьте some, any или no, где необходимо.
1. There is… water in my glass. I’d like to drink.
2. There are… beautiful pictures on the walls. Look at them.
3. Can I have… more milk?
4. Have you got… friends? – Yes, I have…
5. Are there… pencils in your pencil-box? Give me …, please.
6. Did you have… salt in the soup?
7. I’ve got… money. Give me… money, please.
8. Will you take… of these photographs?
9. They haven’t got… children.
10. She doesn’t like… apples.
V. Выберите правильный ответ из a), b), c) или d) для каждого пропуска в нижерасположенном диалоге.
— Kevin! You (1) ______ listening to me. Wake up! What (2) _____ you thinking about?
— My summer holiday. We usually go to Spain but this year we (3) ____ going to Britain.
— We had a phone call from some friends. They (4) ____ having a wonderful time there at the moment.
— Where (5) ____ they staying?
— In Cornwall. It (6) ____ warm down there, even at Easter.
— (7) ____ they take a walk along the beach?
— Yes, they (8) ____ it every day after breakfast as a rule.
1. a) Aren’t b) Don’t c) Doesn’t d) Isn’t
2. a) are b) do c) does d) is
3. a) are b) do c) does d) is
4. a) is b) does c) are d) do
5. a) do b) are c) is d) does
6. a) are b) do c) does d) is
7. a) Are b) Do c) Does d) Is
8. a) are b) do c) does d) is
VI. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильные времена.
1. 1. We (wait) twenty-five minutes for a Number 68 bus yesterday.
2. While we (wait), three Number 196 buses came by.
3. That’s right. When I (see) her she (have) a cup of coffee.
4. I (make) a meal when the light (go) out. I had to stop.
5. It (be) a stormy night when Jenny (arrive).
6. Jenny (be) already on her way to the flat in a taxi.
7. Where she (live)?
8. They (hope) to come here next year?
9. You (be) busy now? Yes, I( be) very busy. I (do) my lessons now.
10. Where you (work) last year? – I (not to work). I (be) a student.
11. Where (be) Peter? He (have) his English lesson now? – No, he (have) his English tomorrow.
11. Why you (not to put) your coat on yesterday? It (be) cold.
12. Take your raincoat with you. I am afraid it (rain) in the evening and you (get) wet through if you (not to put) on your raincoat.
13. He (sit) in the armchair and then (begin) to read.
14. If you see Sally, can you ask her to phone me? – Sure. I (see) her this evening, so I can tell her.
15. You (skate) last Sunday? – Yes, we (skate) the whole day last Sunday. We (skate) again next Sunday.
16. The window was open and birds (fly) into and out of the room.
17. They (have) dinner from 2 to 3 yesterday.
18. I (not listen) so I missed what he teacher said.
19. We never (be) in France before.
20. By the time we arrived to the party, It (finish).
21. When I came out of the cinema I (find) that a thief (take) my car radio.
22. By this time next year I (write) my memories.
23. I (finish) this report by the end of the day.
24. Since the beginning of the twentieth century medical scientists (make) many important discoveries.
25. I hope you already (meet) a lot of interesting people.
VII. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на модальные глаголы.
1. Can you speak any foreign language? 2. He had hurt his leg, so he couldn’t walk very well.
3. May I come in? 4. Ann had to wear glasses since her childhood. 5. You haven’t got much time. You must hurry. 6. It’s really a good film. You ought to go and see it. 7. You should stop smoking.
VIII. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным членам предложения.
1. He wrote about his last summer holidays.
2. My mother cooks dinner.
3. I closed the window because it started raining .
4. They were in London last month.
5. They attend all classes.
КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 2.
I. Грамматика. Проработайте следующие разделы английской грамматики, выполните рекомендуемые после каждой темы упражнения:
1. Страдательный залог.
2. Согласование времен
3. Причастие
4. Герундий
5. Инфинитив
II. Текстовый материал.
1. Прочитайте и переведите на русский язык тексты, указанные преподавателем.
2. Выпишите в словарь и выучите слова и словосочетания, указанные в словаре-минимуме перед каждым текстом.
3. Выполните в тетради для упражнений рекомендованные после каждого текста упражнения.
После изучения указанного материала приступайте к выполнению контрольного задания № 2.
Вариант 1
1. Прочтите и переведите письменно текст на русский язык.
NORMITEN
Therapeutic Activity
Beta-adrenoreceptor is a blocking drug (beta-blocker) for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.
When should this drug not be used?
Do not use this medicine if you have known hypersensitivity to any of its components.
Do not use this drug in cases of cardiac insufficiency and/or cases of heart rate.
Less than 45 beats per minute (bradycardia).
Do not use this medicine in patients suffering from hypotension after acute myocardial infraction.
Do not take this medicine without consulting a doctor before starting treatment if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you suffer, or have suffered in the past, from functional disabilities of the following: respiratory system (e.g. asthma), heart and/or blood vessels, liver, kidney/urinary tract, hyperthyroidism, diabetes.
Warnings
Known hypersensitivity to any food or drug should be reported to the doctor prior to the start of treatment with this drug.
Note, this drug may reduce or prevent chest pains during physical exertion. Therefore, consult your doctor concerning your permitted level of physical activity, if you about to have any type of operation (including dental operations) or emergency treatment, inform the doctor that you are taking this drug.
Care should be taken during exposure to cold, since you may be more sensitive to cold. Warm clothing should be won. Caution should be taken during extended exposure to cold.
Hypotension associated with fainting may occur, especially when you get up from a lying or sitting position. Getting up slowly may help. When you get up from lying down, sit on the edge of the bed with your feet dangling for 1-2 minutes. Then stand up slowly. If the problem continues or gets worse, check with your doctor.
Drug interactions
The prescribing doctor must be informed if you are taking another drug or have just finished treatment with another drug, in order to prevent any dangers or inefficiency resulting from drug interactions. This is particularly important concerning the following groups of drugs: antidepressants of the monoamine oxidase groups of drugs, drugs for lowering blood pressure, cold, cough and sinus preparations, hay fever drugs, anti-asthma drugs, insulin or other drugs for the reduction of sugar levels, calcium channel blockers and/or caffeine.
Side Effects
In addition to the required activity of the drug, side effects (such as drowsiness, dizziness, tiredness, weakness and decreased libido) may occur during the use of this medicine. These reactions usually pass within a short time following an adjustment period to the drug. However, if they do not pass or are particularly bothersome, consult your doctor.
The following side effects require special attention:
Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting (rare) – continue treatment.
Hallucinations, nightmares, difficulty in breathing, cold hands and feet (rare) – continue treatment and consult your doctor.
Pulse unusual or too slow (less than 50/minute), swelling of soles and feet, skin rash (rare) – continue treatment and consult your doctor immediately.
If you feel any side effects which are not recorded here, or if any change occurs in your general feeling, consult your doctor immediately.
2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова; подчеркните в них суффиксы и префиксы:
hypertension, treatment, inefficiency, dizziness, decreased, hypersensitivity, activity, disability, hypotension, adjustment, prescribing, particularly
3. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:
cardiac insufficiency; acute myocardial infraction; functional disability; prevent chest pains; extended exposure to cold; drugs for lowering blood pressure; reduction of sugar level; a prescribing doctor; an adjustment period to he drug
4. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1) Нормитен показан при лечении стенокардии и гипертонии.
2) Не используйте его при сердечной недостаточности.
3) При физических нагрузках это лекарство снижает боль в груди.
4) Если вы принимаете лекарство для снижения давления, сообщите об этом вашему врачу.
5) Препарат может оказывать побочные действия.
5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1) In what cases is Normiten prescribed?
2) Does it have any contra-indications?
3) What are its side effects?
6. Определите функцию Participle I и Participle II; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) Grass is a green, leafy, flowering plant.
2) Silver dissolved in water kills many harmful bacteria.
3) Fast moving water has kinetic energy.
4) The actual volume of the molecules making up the air is only about 1/1000th of the total volume of the gas.
5) Polluted air and pure air differ in composition.
6) Gallium will melt when held in hand.
7) Having invaded living cells viruses grow and multiply.
8) The respiratory ratio of a plant tissue depends upon the type of substrate being oxidized.
9) Using light energy, plant cells convert simple compounds into more complex materials.
10) If this medicine upsets your stomach, take it with food, unless otherwise directed by your doctor.
7. Подчеркните в следующих предложениях независимый причастный оборот; переведите их на русский язык.
1) Botany is one of the two major divisions of biology, the science of life, the other division being zoology, which deals with animals.
2) The Earth coat is the atmosphere which surrounds our planet, the water vapour acting like a layer of cotton wool.
3) Phosphates are widely distributed in the body, the largest amounts being in the bones and teeth.
8. Определите функцию герундия; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) Taking too much of this medicine increases the chance of side effects.
2) Vitamin B1 is easily lost by dissolving in the cooking water.
3) There are various methods of purifying organic compounds.
4) Many of these substances have been very useful in studying the mechanism of these processes.
5) Storing lithium is a problem.
6) Adding a little neodymium metal to magnesium alloys greatly strengthens them.
7) The most important function of this apparatus is measuring pressure.
9. Подчеркните сложный герундиальный оборот в следующих предложениях; переведите их на русский язык.
1) We know of Mendeleyev’s having created the Periodic table.
2) M. Curie’s having discovered radium enabled her to isolate other radioactive elements.
10. Определите функцию инфинитива; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) For thousands of years humans used plants to cure sickness.
2) Oxygen is the most important substance to enter the blood.
3) Bronze was one of the first metals to be widely used by people.
4) To prevent the spread of infection the children were isolated.
5) The medicine to be prescribed is absolutely harmless.
6) He stepped aside so as not to be seen.
7) You must be very careful not to get into trouble.
8) He returned to Great Britain to get his education there.
`11. Подчеркните и укажите тип инфинитивного оборота в следующих предложениях; переведите их на русский язык.
1) The atoms are known to be compounds of electron, proton, and neutron.
2) The presence of boron in extremely small amounts seems to be necessary in nearly all forms of plant life.
3) Ancient philosophers thought all things to be made of four elements.
Определите функцию многофункциональных слов в следующих предложениях; переведите их на русский язык.
11. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в нужное время и залог.
1) Two hundred people (employ) by the company.
2) This room (clean) every day?
3) Somebody has cleaned the room. The room (clean).
4) Somebody is using the computer at the moment. The computer (use).
5) There is somebody behind us. I think we (follow).
6) This room looks different. (It, paint)?
7) I’m afraid I can’t lend you my camera. It (repair) this week.
8) This house (build) in 1930.
9) A new dormitory (build) next year.
10) The documents (sign) tomorrow by three o’clock.
11) The novel (complete) by the end of 1835.
12) Caroline still (talk) about by her colleagues when I returned.
Вариант 2
1. Прочтите и переведите письменно текст на русский язык .
DALACIN C
Therapeutic activity:
A wide-ranging antibiotic intended for the treatment of severe infections of the upper and lower respiratory system, skin and soft tissues, bones and joints, and the female pelvis.
When should the preparation not be used?
Do not use this medicine if you are sensitive to clindamycin, lincomycin or doxorubicin.
Do not use this medicine in cases of meningitis.
Do not take this medicine without consulting a doctor before starting treatment in the following cases:
If you are pregnant or are breastfeeding.
If you are suffering, or have suffered in the past, from impaired function of the liver, the kidney/urinary tract, the digestive system e.g.: ulcer, diarrhea, enteritis and colitis.
Warnings:
As with all other antibiotics, during prolonged treatment, blood tests should be performed as well as periodic liver and kidney function tests.
If you are sensitive to any type of food or medicine, inform your doctor before commencing treatment with this medicine.
Drug interactions:
If you are taking another drug concomitantly or if you have just finished treatment with another medicine, inform the attending doctor, in order to prevent hazards of lack of efficacy arising from drug interactions. This is especially important for medicines belonging to the following groups: drugs affecting the central nervous system (barbiturates, phenytoin, anesthetics), laxatives containing kaolin, erythromycin, neuromuscular blocking agents.
Side effects
In addition to the desired effect of the medicine, adverse reactions may occur during the course of taking this medicine, for example, skin rash and itching, abdominal pain and diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, heat sensation.
Side effects that require special attention:
This medicine may cause, in rare cases, severe abdominal pains and cramps and exceptionally severe diarrhea, which may also be bloody. In these cases, discontinue treatment and consult your doctor immediately. If severe diarrhea, abdominal pains and cramps develop during treatment or following cessation of treatment (even up to several weeks), the attending doctor should be informed immediately. In the event that you experience side effects not mentioned, or if there is a change in your general health, consult your doctor immediately.
Directions for use:
Do not chew! Swallow the medicine with a large amount of water (a full glass).
Take the medicine with a meal.
How can you contribute to the success of the treatment?
Complete the full course of treatment as instructed by the doctor and make sure that you are under strict medical supervision.
Even if there is an improvement in your health, do not discontinue use of this medicine before consulting your doctor.
The drug’s activity is not felt immediately and therefore, it is important to be exact in the treatment as designated by the doctor.
2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова; подчеркните в них суффиксы и префиксы:
prolonged; sensation; attending; breastfeeding; especially; nervous; medical; sensation; desired; exceptionally; discontinue; improvement; supervision
3. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:
a wide-range antibiotic; the upper and lower respiratory system; prolonged treatment; skin rash; severe abdominal pains and cramps; to experience side effect; the full course of treatment; as instructed by the doctor; strict medical supervision; as designed by the doctor.
4. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1) Препарат показан при лечении инфекционных болезней дыхательной системы.
2) Не принимайте этот препарат, если вы кормите грудью.
3) При приеме этого препарата может появиться тошнота, сыпь на коже и зуд.
4) Прекратите лечение при появлении болей в животе и судорогах.
5) Принимайте это лекарство во время еды.
5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1) In what cases is it prescribed?
2) Does it have any contra-indications?
3) What side effects has this preparation?
4) What are the directions for use?
6. Определите функцию Participle I и Participle II; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) Having been formed, the bones continue to grow until the body has acquired its full structure.
2) Algae being simple plants do not develop flowers; they do not have true roots, stems, or leaves.
3) When growing on a bare surface such as rock, mosses slowly build up a thin layer of soil on the rock.
4) Zinc containing enzymes regulates growth, development longevity and fertility.
5) Zinc is lost from the body at about 1% of the total per day, excreted via the intestines, urine and sweat.
6) Despite the health risks associated with lead, it was used by doctors for around 2000 years.
7) The main vaccine being used to eradicate polio consists of a live, weak form of the virus.
8) When added to steel, carbon forms a wide range of alloys with useful properties.
9) Don’t eat anything for 12 hours before the test, unless otherwise directed by your doctor.
10) When poured into a container, liquids take the shape of the container.
7. Подчеркните в следующих предложениях независимый причастный оборот; переведите их на русский язык.
1) Calcium is the most abundant metal in the human body, the reason being that bone contains a great deal.
2) Magnesium disperses throughout the body, with the most (60%) going into the skeleton where it helps maintain bone structure.
3) Enzymes are large, complex proteins and are highly specific, each chemical reaction requiring its own particular enzyme.
8. Определите функцию герундия; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) Wash your hands before and after using this medicine.
2) Local anesthetics act by altering the permeability of the nerve cell to sodium ions and thus blocking the conduction of nerve impulses.
3) Eventually people developed techniques of growing food and tools made out of stone and later, metal.
4) All methods of measuring temperature changes are based on the ways in which materials change physically when heated.
5) The work which is being done at present in the laboratory is aimed at solving such problems as blood clotting and infection.
6) Women who are treated with this drug should avoid breastfeeding.
7) Most lead passes through the body without being digested.
9. Подчеркните сложный герундиальный оборот в следующих предложениях; переведите их на русский язык.
1) Mendeleyev’s having created the periodic Table made it possible to predict the undiscovered elements.
2) We know of Popov’s having invented the radio.
10. Определите функцию инфинитива; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) The water is chlorinated to kill disease-causing organisms.
2) These amino-acids are joined end-to-end to form the long polypeptide chains of protein molecules.
3) Scientists have developed many vaccines to use in prevention of serious diseases.
4) Cohn was the first to devise a systematic classification for bacteria.
5) Another difficulty to be expected with these drugs is postural hypotension.
6) The duty of a doctor is to treat patients.
7) The rats must be infected and isolated immediately/
`11. Подчеркните и укажите тип инфинитивного оборота в следующих предложениях; переведите их на русский язык.
1) The shape of the protein turns out to be closely related to its properties and functions.
2) The modern Western diet is more likely to be deficient in zinc than in iron.
3) These medicines may worsen bone disease because they cause the body to lose more calcium.
12. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в нужное время и залог.
1) Many accidents (cause) by careless driving.
2) I (not often, invite) to parties.
3) They have postponed the concert. The concert (postpone).
4) They are building a new ring road round the city. A new ring road (build) round the city.
5) My car has disappeared. (It, steal)!
6) The tests (write) by the students now.
7) This library (visit) by readers for years.
8) This room (clean) yesterday.
9) A lot of garbage (throw) in some minutes.
10) Forty per cent of cars (produce) by the beginning of September.
11) Where is Susan now? – She (examine) by the doctor now
12) This novel (write) before the war began.
Вариант 3
1. Прочтите и переведите письменно текст на русский язык .
ACAMOL
Tablets/Caplets
Composition
Each tablet/caplet contains:
Paracetamol 500 mg
Therapeutic Activity.
Pain reliever and fever reducer.
When should the preparation not be used?
Do not use this medicine if you are sensitive to any of its ingredients.
Do not take this medicine without consulting a doctor before starting treatment if you are pregnant or breastfeeding or if you are suffering or have suffered in the past from impaired function of the liver or the kidney/urinary tract.
Warnings
Paracetamol may cause liver damage in the following cases: administered at a higher dosage than the recommended one, administered for a prolonged period of time, consuming alcoholic drinks during the treatment period, taking other medicines which affect liver function.
Do not this medicine frequently without consulting a doctor. If you are sensitive to any type of food or medicine, inform your doctor before commencing treatment with medicine.
Do not take additional fever-reducing and pain-relieving medicines or medicines for common cold without consulting a doctor or a pharmacist, in order to prevent paracetamol overdosage/toxicity.
Drug interactions
If you are taking concomitantly or if you have just finished treatment with another medicine, inform the attending doctor, in order to prevent hazards or lack of efficacy arising from drug interactions. This is especially important for medicines belonging to the following groups: drugs affecting the central nervous system (e.g. sedatives, hypnotics and antiepileptic drugs), anticoagulants, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or preparations stimulating hepatic enzyme production such as barbiturates.
Side Effects
In addition to the desired effect of the medicine adverse reactions may occur during the course of taking this medicine such as: rash, irritations or dizziness.
Side Effects that require special attention, usually resulting from overdosage.
Diarrhea, nausea or stomach pain (rare): stop treatment and refer to the doctor.
In the event that you experience side effects not mentioned in this leaflet or if there is a change in your general health, consult your doctor immediately.
Adverse Reactions and Drug Interactions in Children.
Parents must inform the doctor about any side effects, as well as any additional medicine being taken by their child.
Dosage
Unless otherwise directed by the doctor, the recommended dosage is:
Adults: 1-2 tablets/caplets every 4-6 hours as needed.
Do not exceed 8 tablets/caplets per day.
Children 6-12 years :1/2 – 1 tablet/caplet every 4-6 hours as needed.
Do not exceed 4tablets/caplets per day.
If the fever continues for more than 3 days or if there is no pain relief within 5 days, refer to your doctor.
Directions for Use
Do not chew or crush! The tablets can be divided on the score line. Swallow the medicine with a little water.
Storage
Store this medicine in a cool and dry place.
2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова; подчеркните в них суффиксы и префиксы:
recommended; function; frequently; reducer; accidentally; different; additional; overdosage; toxicity; reaction; poisoning; package
3. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:
liver damage; fever reducer; pain reliever; the central nervous system; in the event; to experience side effects; accidentally swallowed the medicine; to avoid poisoning; a hospital emergency room; out of the reach of children; medicines for common cold
4. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1) Этот препарат используется как жаропонижающее и болеутоляющее.
2) Глотайте лекарство, не разжевывая, с небольшим количеством воды.
3) Не принимайте это лекарство без консультации с врачом.
4) Не принимайте этот препарат одновременно с барбитуратами.
5) Побочные действия могут включать головокружение и сыпь.
5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту:
1) What kind of preparation is acamol?
2) What is the composition of this preparation?
3) Does it have any contra-indications?
4) What is its maximum dose?
5) How is it presented and packed?
6. Определите функцию Participle I и Participle II; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) The recovering patient’s temperature and blood pressure were normal.
2) The wound infected with bacteria has become inflamed.
3) When examining a patient, a doctor asks a lot of question.
4) The depth of breath is very variable, ranging from deep dreamless sleep to light sleep disturbed by dreams.
5) Being very weak he couldn’t move.
6) Performing an operation a surgeon must be very attentive.
7) The drugs prescribed to the patient may be ordered at the chemist’s shop.
8) Do you know the woman speaking to the nurse?
9) The analyses being made now will be ready only tomorrow.
10) The bandaged wound doesn’t bleed.
7. Подчеркните в следующих предложениях независимый причастный оборот; переведите их на русский язык.
1) In London there are a lot of museums, the largest being the British Museum.
2) There being a lot of things to discuss, the conference lasted long.
8. Определите функцию герундия; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) He succeeded in combating microbes in operating wards.
2) He is afraid of being infected with AIDS.
3) The new method allows to investigate the inner organs of the body without harming the organism
4) Bacteria are stained before being examined under the microscope.
5) It’s no use performing the operation.
6) I don’t like the idea of double-checking the results of our investigation.
7) Listening to the heart is a simple and effective method of cardiac diagnosis.
9. Подчеркните сложный герундиальный оборот в следующих предложениях; переведите их на русский язык.
1) Her illness resulted in her being away from work for several weeks.
2) At first, people paid no attention to the country doctor’s experimenting with vaccines.
10. Определите функцию инфинитива; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) This man had to undergo an operation on his stomach two years ago.
2) The nurse to assist in operation is very experienced.
3) This may lead to operation on the pancreas.
4) To recover quickly she must follow the doctor’s advice.
5) The new equipment was used to register physiological parameters of the organism.
6) The drug to be taken by this man may prevent the disease.
7) To prevent the spread of this disease is the task of all doctors.
8) They were told to make injections today.
`11. Подчеркните и укажите тип инфинитивного оборота в следующих предложениях; переведите их на русский язык.
1) I often see him make experiments in the laboratory.
2) This treatment is believed to help in most cases.
3) The new substance turned out to be a compound of carbon.
12. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в нужное время и залог.
1) Cheese (make) from milk.
2) How this word (pronounce)?
3) They have built a new hospital near the airport. A new hospital (build) near the airport.
4) Carol has got a new position in her job. She (promote).
5) We (look after) at the moment by our hostess.
6) When do you think this book (buy)?
7) Tomorrow we (show) a new film.
8) The old castle (restore) by the 1st of June.
9) The new definition (determine) later.
10) A ticket (give) to me by a policeman before I met Tom.
11) Tomorrow at this time I (sit) for my exams.
12) I felt very uneasy because I (watch).
